The Learning Books

Investing for Impact

5 years of implementation have generated important lessons. The Mastercard Foundation Africa Growth Fund’s Learning Series captures what we have learned about designing, governing, and deploying capital, and the conditions that need to be in place for investment to create dignified and fulfilling work for young people, particularly young women, across Africa.

About the learning book series

One learning journey, told in four parts

This series traces the Fund’s learning journey through the investment system: from how capital was designed and governed, to the conditions that enable enterprise performance, to what it means to contribute to the conditions for job creation, and finally to the ecosystem forces that shaped who benefited and whether change endured.

 

The reflections come directly from four years of implementation. They celebrate momentum, identify points of friction, and reflect on what the Fund might do differently if starting again. Each book holds a distinct part of that story.

tensions that shaped every decision
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How capital is structured shapes who can access it.

kinds of service, 6 delivery factors
0

Support can expand agency and unlock opportunity.

conditions under which jobs emerge
900

Job creation unfolds as a sequence of conditions.

dimensions of the enabling environment
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The environment decides what investment can achieve.

The Learning Books

Book One

Moving capital to investment vehicles

Shifting Capital, Shifting Power: Moving Global Capital for Local Impact

How capital is structured shapes who can access it. Each design choice sends a signal about whose knowledge, leadership, and business models are treated as credible. The Fund learned that deploying capital differently meant examining how governance structures, screening criteria, and standards associated with investment readiness can quietly reproduce the very biases it set out to challenge.

  • A five-year fund-of-funds timeline required a different approach to pacing capital and building relationships.
  • Screening works best when it is paired with clear signals about what the Fund values and seeks to support.
  • Rethinking “investment readiness” means recognising the strengths and potential of leaders and business models that may not fit conventional norms.
Book Two

Designing and delivering services to facilitate job creation

Services that strengthen the market

Business development services were more than a support function. They helped strengthen the wider market by connecting businesses to the knowledge, relationships and resources they needed to grow. The Fund learned that who shapes these services, how they are delivered and what success looks like can make a meaningful difference to their impact.

  • Providing services earlier, alongside investment preparation, helped reduce bottlenecks and support stronger outcomes.
  • Six factors shaped effective delivery: agency, expertise, timing, trust, risk sharing and alignment.
  • The most effective services were grounded in local expertise, built on relationships and recognised business leaders as partners in the process.
Capital does not create jobs on its own. It creates the conditions in which jobs can emerge.
Book Three

From capital to jobs: the job creation pathway

What we learned about the conditions that enable dignified and fulfilling work

Investment does not translate into jobs through capital alone. Job creation emerges through a series of conditions, from reaching the right enterprises and supporting their stability, to enabling growth, strengthening the quality of work, and addressing the wider ecosystem factors that shape whether jobs can be sustained. The book explores these conditions and what they mean for creating dignified and fulfilling work for young people, particularly young women, across Africa.

  • Job creation is shaped by how portfolios are constructed, supported, and managed.
  • During periods of disruption, timely liquidity played an important role in helping businesses sustain jobs.
  • Protecting existing jobs is an important part of advancing employment and livelihoods.
  • Much of the employment impact was generated through informal and emerging businesses, highlighting the need for measurement approaches that better reflect how work happens across African markets.
Book Four

Ecosystem engagement as investment practice

Creating the conditions for investment to deliver greater impact

The environment in which investments are made shapes what they can achieve. The Fund’s experience showed that capital and business development services are most effective when supported by a stronger enabling environment, one that connects investment capital, knowledge and norms, enterprises and markets, and policy and regulation.

  • The Fund both shaped and learned from the ecosystem, using its investments to demonstrate what could be possible.
  • Strengthening the conditions around investments expanded what vehicles and portfolio companies could achieve.
  • Advancing domiciliation, alongside the infrastructure needed to support it, helped demonstrate new possibilities for African investment markets.
Bonus

Shifting power through warehousing and working capital

Early, flexible capital to help investment vehicles build momentum

Warehousing provides early, risk-tolerant capital to investment vehicles before first close, enabling fund managers to deploy capital, test their investment theses, and build the track record needed to attract further investment. The Fund’s experience showed that warehousing can serve different purposes, from demonstrating execution capacity to helping managers build the foundations for future growth.

  • Warehousing helped address the track-record challenge by enabling managers to demonstrate execution and build credibility.
  • Working capital made warehousing more effective, while highlighting the resources often required to build a fund.
  • Clear communication around warehousing matters: the signals it sends can influence how investment leaders and their vehicles are perceived.

Milestones

Work Opportunities Supported

The Fund counts impact across three layers of work, from the entrepreneurs who own each portfolio company, to the people they employ, to the wider value chains they support.
Million
US$ 0
Capital committed across Investment Vehicles
Vehicles
0
Investment Vehicles that have received a commitment
Tier 1 - Primary

Entrepreneur Owners

Founders and co-founders who own the portfolio companies the Fund backs.
0
Against a 2027 target of 200

Women

0 %
66 of 205

Young Women*

0 %
44 of 205

Youth

0 %
106 of 205
Tier 2 - Secondary

Direct Employees

People directly employed by the Fund's portfolio companies across the continent.
0
Against a 2027 target of 15,000

Women

0 %
4,960 of 11,741

Young Women*

0 %
2,618 of 11,741

Youth

0 %
5,260 of 11,741
Tier 3 - Secondary Multi-Level

Value-Chain Workers

Indirect work opportunities across suppliers, distributors, and outgrower networks linked to portfolio companies.
0
Against a 2027 target of 250,000

Women

0 %
194,042 of 442,846

Young Women*

0 %
110,712 of 442,846

Youth

0 %
208,138 of 442,846
How We Count - Primary counts the entrepreneurs who own each portfolio company. Secondary counts direct PC employees. Secondary Multi-Level extends the count to value-chain workers reached through supplier, distributor, and outgrower networks.

* Young Women sit inside both the Women and Youth shares. The three percentages overlap and are not additive.
Data as of May 2026

Go further

Follow-up resources

Explore each topic further