Knowledge Hub

Domiciliation of Investment Vehicles in Africa

13 African and 4 global hubs reviewed using the new Fund Domiciliation Maturity Diagnostic Tool. 60% of Africa-focused funds are domiciled abroad — and countries like Mauritius, Rwanda, Morocco and Ghana are showing the way home.

The Study

Six in ten African funds are registered offshore

Domiciliation is the legal address of a fund, and with it travel the audit fees, legal fees, custodial fees, and the financial-services jobsthat grow around them. Today six in ten Africa-focused vehicles are housed offshore. The study below maps the jurisdictions changing that.

A study by the Mastercard Foundation, led by MEDA with experts from Momentus Global,Stafford Law, and Samawati Capital, exploring what it would take for Africa to host more investment vehicles on its own soil.

Green banner with a geometric outline of Africa on a gradient; large white title reads 'Study on Africa as a jurisdiction for Domiciliation of Investment Vehicles' with sponsor logos at the bottom of the page.
0 %

of Africa-focused investment vehicles are domiciled outside the continent

Oryx Impact, 2023

< 0 %

Africa’s share of global assets under management

AUC / OECD, 2023

$ 900 B

MSME funding gap across
emerging markets

Collaborative for Frontier Finance

< 0 %

of a permitted 10% is what
Kenyan pensions allocate to
alternative vehicles

Kenya RBA

The Top Four

Of the world’s four leading destinations for Africa-focused funds, only one is in Africa.

Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Delaware together hold 41% of the vehicles raising and deploying capital on Africa’s growth thesis. The capital still reaches Africa; the service economy around the fund does not.

Mauritius
African domicile 32%
Luxembourg
Offshore 18%
Netherlands
Offshore 12%
Delaware, US
Offshore 11%
The Instrument

How we assess and track domiciliation progress

The Fund Domiciliation Maturity Diagnostic Tool (FDMDT) scores any jurisdiction on sixteen parameters across four pillars that drive where funds choose to register. It is built to be reused: a practical instrument the wider ecosystem can adopt to benchmark readiness and target reform.

Regulatory environment, oversight & enforcement

Judiciary framework

Operational efficiency

Enabling environment

The Competitive Map

Thirteen jurisdictions, three tiers of readiness

Each market below is scored on the FDMDT. Select a jurisdiction to see where it stands.

Ready now Building momentum Early stage
The Instrument

How we assess and track domiciliation progress

The Fund Domiciliation Maturity Diagnostic Tool (FDMDT) scores any jurisdiction on sixteen parameters across four pillars that drive where funds choose to register. It is built to be reused: a practical instrument the wider ecosystem can adopt to benchmark readiness and target reform.

$500M+

committed into local funds by KEPFIC (Kenya) and AOFSA (South Africa) combined

$29M

into the Mahlako Energy Fund, managed
by two Black women

1% → 10%

the gap between what Kenyan pensions
allocate to alternatives and what
regulation already permits

What This Unlocks

Domiciliation needs workforce readiness

Policy reform brings funds home. What turns that into jobs and local value is the ecosystem and the people who run it.

01

Funds Domiciled in Africa

committed into local funds by KEPFIC (Kenya) and AOFSA (South Africa) combined

02

Ecosystem of Complementary Services

Legal, fund administration,
custody, compliance, audit and advisory services are needed to operate funds locally.

03

Workforce Readiness

Skilled professionals across these functions enable high-quality, efficient and compliant operations.

04

Value Captured Locally, and Jobs

Fees, profits and institutional spend stay in-country, building tax revenue, resilience and career pathways for African talent.

Read the study

The window for first movers is now

It takes two to five years for a new domicile to earn international trust. The jurisdictions that move first will define the next decade of African-led investing.

It takes two to five years for a new domicile to earn international trust. The jurisdictions that move first will define the next decade of Commissioned by the Mastercard Foundation in partnership with MEDA-led investing.
Green banner with a geometric outline of Africa on a gradient; large white title reads &apos;Study on Africa as a jurisdiction for Domiciliation of Investment Vehicles&apos; with sponsor logos at the bottom of the page.

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Sources: Oryx Impact (2023); African Union Commission / OECD (2023); Collaborative for Frontier Finance; Kenya Retirement Benefits Authority; AVCA (2022); Jersey Finance (2020). The study does not publish a single figure for capital “lost” to offshore domiciles. The defensible framing is the share of vehicles housed abroad and the fund-administration, legal, and audit fees that follow them, not deployed capital.

Rights & Permissions

Further Reading

Domiciliation needs workforce readiness